In the stage of high-quality development of vocational undergraduate education, Chinese language literacy serves as the core carrier of students’ humanistic background and vocational transfer ability, and its importance is becoming increasingly evident. However, current vocational undergraduate Chinese language teaching is facing a dual predicament of imbalance between “instrumentality” and “humanity” and disconnection between “aesthetic education” and “career needs”. Based on the macro perspective of “infiltration of aesthetic education”, this paper explores the reconstruction of teaching content, innovation of teaching models, and optimization of evaluation systems to achieve the deep integration of Chinese language literacy and vocational spirit. Through a survey of aesthetic education resources both inside and outside the school, a “professional + Chinese + aesthetic education” interdisciplinary integration model was constructed, and a collaborative immersive practice path between the school, enterprises, and society was designed. The research shows that creating a “language - aesthetics - career” tripartite cultivation system can effectively enhance students’ vocational language expression ability and cultivate their comprehensive qualities with a spirit of craftsmanship and aesthetic creativity, providing theoretical support and practical models for vocational undergraduate institutions to cultivate high-level technical and skilled talents with moral and professional skills.