A systematic study on key technologies and optimization schemes of biaxial stretch blow molding was conducted based on problems such as uneven wall thickness, performance fluctuation, and poor batch consistency in the industrial molding process of medical balloons. This paper describes the characteristics and core performance requirements of common materials for medical balloons, introduces the biaxial stretch blow molding process flow, key parameter control and quality stabilization technology, and proposes a full-process optimization method from aspects such as temperature field, pressure curve, stretching and blowing synergy, mold cooling, and post-treatment stress relief. The results show that after optimization, the wall thickness deviation, burst pressure dispersion and size drift of the balloon are significantly reduced, and the yield and molding stability are significantly improved, which can meet the requirements of large-scale production of high-end interventional devices.