Vocational undergraduate education focuses on cultivating technical and skilled talents. As the core content of dance performance majors, Chinese classical dance courses not only undertake the teaching tasks of physical training, technical skills, and stage performance, but also bear the mission of inheriting excellent traditional Chinese aesthetics. This paper takes the positioning of vocational undergraduate talent cultivation as the starting point, analyzes the core connotation and contemporary value of traditional aesthetics in Chinese classical dance courses, and sorts out the practical problems, such as the weakening of traditional aesthetics, superficial cultural inheritance, and rigid teaching models, in current teaching. From four aspects—curriculum system reconstruction, teaching method innovation, aesthetic literacy cultivation, and practical path expansion—it explores the modern inheritance path of traditional aesthetics in vocational undergraduate classical dance courses, aiming to achieve the teaching goal of “integration of technique and philosophy” and cultivate high-quality dance professionals with professional skills, aesthetic literacy, and cultural confidence.