The Cao Nan Poetry Society was an old literary society in Heze, Shandong Province during the late Qing Dynasty and early Republic of China period. It was dedicated to the creation of ancient and near-form poetry. Initiated by Li Jingye, a native of Heze, it was active in the southwestern part of Shandong from the third year of the Xuantong reign to the seventh year of the Republic of China. The Cao Nan Poetry Society successively recruited 64 members and produced a large number of poems. In the seventh year of the Republic of China, Li Jingye compiled them into twelve volumes of “Cao Nan Poetry Society’s Collection of Poems”, which are now kept in the Qingdao City Library. It is a relatively rare local document. The “Collection of Poems and Responses of Cao Nan Poetry Society” comprehensively presents the overall creative and activity situation of Cao Nan Poetry Society, retains a large number of deeds of the society’s members, contains a great deal of historical information, and also plays a very positive role in the research of regional culture.