Civil legal disputes in private lending constitute a public issue that combines financial risks with social governance attributes. The traditional single judicial adjudication model proves inadequate for both efficient dispute resolution and source control of legal conflicts. Integrating public management theories—such as holistic governance, collaborative governance, and risk governance—into the governance of private lending disputes is crucial for achieving efficient resolution, source control, and enhanced governance effectiveness. From a public management perspective, this article first outlines the governance logic of private lending disputes, then explores diversified governance approaches, aiming to provide references for safeguarding financial security and promoting social harmony and stability.