With the rapid development of the tourism industry and the accelerating aging of society, the integration of tourism services and nursing care has become an important direction for industrial upgrading and talent demand transformation. The “tourism + nursing” integrated service model places higher and more comprehensive requirements on practitioners’ professional competence. From the perspective of supply–demand docking, this paper analyzes the mismatch between current talent cultivation and industry demand, and argues that the lack of a systematic core competency framework is a key constraint on the cultivation of composite talents. Based on industry demand characteristics and vocational education realities, this study constructs a core competency model for “tourism + nursing” composite talents, including professional ethics, interdisciplinary knowledge integration, practical service ability, and lifelong learning capacity. Corresponding implementation pathways are proposed to provide theoretical support and practical reference for vocational education reform and talent supply optimization.