The “Five-Education Integration” framework constitutes the core educational philosophy of the new era, emphasizing the organic integration and coordinated development of moral, intellectual, physical, aesthetic, and labor education. As a regional cultural treasure, Hainan’s Li and Miao music culture contains abundant educational elements, serving as an exemplary teaching resource for implementing this principle. This study examines the educational value of incorporating Li and Miao music culture into primary school music education from the perspective of Five-Education Integration. Addressing current challenges such as insufficient resource development and monotonous teaching methods, it proposes a practical approach: “Resource Integration-Curriculum Restructuring-Practical Innovation-Evaluation Optimization.” This framework provides theoretical references and practical solutions for achieving the Five-Education Integration goals in primary school music education.