Volume 3,Issue 9
Opportunities, Challenges, and Suggestions for Generative AI in Education
Though generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) has achieved remarkable success across diverse fields (such as chatbots, image generation, and speech recognition), its applications in education remain limited due to the complexity of the educational system. In this paper, we analyze the opportunities and challenges of GenAI-based education for different participants, including teachers, students, and other relevant stakeholders. Based on recent research, we further propose four actionable recommendations to address existing issues, contributing to the continuous development of GenAI-based education.
[1] Mittal U, Sai S, Chamola V, et al., 2024, A Comprehensive Review on Generative AI for Education. IEEE Access, 12: 142733–142759.
[2] Ng DTK, Chan EKC, Lo CK, 2025, Opportunities, Challenges and School Strategies for Integrating Generative AI in Education. Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence, 2025: 100373.
[3] Brooks T, Peebles B, Holmes C, et al., 2024, Video Generation Models as World Simulators. OpenAI Blog, 1(8): 1.
[4] Luo J, 2024, A critical review of GenAI Policies in Higher Education Assessment: A Call to Reconsider the “Originality” of Students’ Work. Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education, 49(5): 651–664.
[5] Lee CC, Low MYH, 2024, Using GenAI in Education: The Case for Critical Thinking. Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence, 7: 1452131.
[6] Welsby P, Cheung BMY, 2023, ChatGPT. Postgraduate Medical Journal, 99(1176): 1047–1048.
[7] Dresselhaus N, 2025, Field Report: Coding in the Age of AI with Cursor.
[8] Mondal H, Marndi G, Behera JK, et al., 2023, ChatGPT for Teachers: Practical Examples for Utilizing Artificial Intelligence for Educational Purposes. Indian Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, 10(3): 200–205.
[9] Wang L, Zhan S, 2024, How Can Generative AI Benefit Educators in Designing Assessments in Computer Science? Education Research and Perspectives, 51: 82–101.
[10] Kehoe F, 2023, Leveraging Generative AI Tools for Enhanced Lesson Planning in Initial Teacher Education at Post Primary. Irish Journal of Technology Enhanced Learning, 7(2): 172–182.
[11] Freeman J, 2025, Student Generative AI Survey 2025, Higher Education Policy Institute, London, UK.
[12] OECD, 2023, Generative AI in the Classroom: From Hype to Reality? https://one.oecd.org/document/EDU/EDPC(2023)11/en/pdf
[13] Ryazanov I, Öhman C, Björklund J, 2024, How ChatGPT Changed the Media’s Narratives on AI: A Semi-Automated Narrative Analysis Through Frame Semantics. Minds and Machines, 35(1): 2.
[14] Zheng C, Yuan K, Guo B, et al., 2024, Charting the Future of AI in Project-Based Learning: A Co-Design Exploration with Students, Proceedings of the 2024 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, 1–19.
[15] Neo NWS, Gunawan J, Levett-Jones T, et al., 2025, Generative Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare Simulation-Based Education: A Scoping Review. Clinical Simulation in Nursing, 108: 101819.
[16] Yuriev E, Burton M G, Knott D, et al., 2025, Integrating Generative AI in Chemistry Education: Enhancing Career-Ready Writing Skills in Pharmaceutical Science. Journal of Chemical Education, 102(5): 1991–2001.
[17] Berkovich I, 2025, The Rise of AI-Assisted Instructional Leadership: Empirical Survey of Generative AI Integration in School Leadership and Management Work, Frontiers in Education. Frontiers, 10: 1643023.
[18] Bai J, Bai S, Chu Y, et al., 2023, Qwen Technical Report. arXiv preprint arXiv:2309.16609.
[19] Achiam J, Adler S, Agarwal S, et al., 2023, GPT-4 Technical Report. arXiv preprint arXiv:2303.08774.
[20] Liu A, Feng B, Xue B, et al., 2024, DeepSeek-v3 Technical Report. arXiv preprint arXiv:2412.19437.
[21] Guo D, Yang D, Zhang H, et al., 2025, Deepseek-r1: Incentivizing Reasoning Capability in LLMs via Reinforcement Learning. arXiv preprint arXiv:2501.12948.
[22] Fan T, Kang Y, Ma G, et al., 2023, Fate-LLM: A Industrial Grade Federated Learning Framework for Large Language Models. arXiv preprint arXiv:2310.10049.