With the growing global awareness of environmental protection and the promotion of Sustainable Development Goals, green development has become a crucial strategic direction for national development. As the primary arena for talent cultivation, universities bear the responsibility of nurturing sustainable development professionals aligned with green development principles. This paper explores the pathways and challenges for universities in cultivating sustainable development talents from the perspective of green development. The research indicates that green development is not merely a transformation at the technological and economic levels, but also a deep integration of educational philosophies, teaching methods, and social responsibilities. Universities should adopt multidimensional measures such as curriculum reform, interdisciplinary collaboration, and social practice to cultivate versatile talents with green development awareness, innovative capabilities, and social responsibility. However, current universities still face challenges in implementing green development education, including insufficient faculty resources, outdated curriculum design, and obstacles in interdisciplinary collaboration. This paper proposes countermeasures and recommendations to address these challenges, aiming to provide theoretical support and practical references for universities in cultivating green development talents.