Student management constitutes a critical component in ensuring the quality of talent cultivation in higher vocational colleges and serves as the essential pathway for fulfilling their fundamental mission of fostering virtue through education. Within the context of vocational undergraduate education development, student management in these institutions faces challenges regarding adaptability, professionalism, practical applicability, and contemporary relevance in terms of management philosophies, workforce composition, methodologies, and institutional frameworks. This paper takes vocational undergraduate education development as its starting point, conducts an in-depth analysis of the new expectations placed on student management functions in this context, and systematically examines the current state of existing student management practices in higher vocational colleges. Building on this foundation, the paper proposes a series of enhancement strategies aimed at strengthening student management functions, intending to provide theoretical guidance and practical references for their systematic reform.