In the context of deepening globalization and digital integration, college English education serves as an essential component of higher education systems, bearing the critical responsibility of cultivating students 'language application skills, intercultural communication competence, and global perspectives. In recent years, China's higher education sector has steadily advanced teaching reforms, with college English education reforms continuously evolving to deeper levels. However, significant challenges remain during implementation, preventing the full realization of initial reform objectives. This paper comprehensively analyzes core factors influencing teaching reforms based on current practices in college English education. Drawing from accumulated teaching experience, targeted optimization strategies are proposed to enhance reform effectiveness and facilitate the transition from knowledge transmission to competency development. These insights aim to provide practical references for universities in cultivating interdisciplinary talents with solid language proficiency, strong digital literacy, and enhanced international competitiveness.